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Names You Should Know by Mrs. Emily Sanchez- Ida Baker High School- Cape Coral, Florida Plato and Socrates believed our ideas are innate But John Lock believed at birth, our minds are a blank slate. Innate ideas and the belief in an afterlife describes Descartes Aristotle thought my mental processes are up to my heart. By bouncing a ball with some students in Germany William Wundt opened psychology's first laboratory Francis Bacon's experiments lead to empiricism William James was a functionalist who used pragmatism. A student of James, Mary Calkins was denied her degree by Harvard Then she became APA's first female president because she pushed hard. Margaret Washburn wrote The Animal Mind and became Harvard's first female Ph.D. Structuralists, Wundt and Titchener used introspection to better see. Sigmund Freud thought our unconscious mind fixates on phases of orals or anises And Karen Horney refuted Freud's claim when she said girls don't envy penises. A collective unconscious is what Carl Jung believed in Later Mary Ainsworth placed infants in a strange situation. Elizabeth Loftus said that misinformation ruins eyewitnesses' testimonies Harlow learned that comfort is needed over food even by monkeys. Eysenck's Big Three personality traits were psychoticism, neuroticism, and extraversion. Aaron Beck said those who view the world through dark glasses have a high rate of depression. Three stages of moral development were thought of by Kohlberg, Ebbinghaus studied memory and the forgetting curve In Erikson's eight stages, as adults we face integrity or despair While teens, we form our identity while growing some hair. Piaget concluded cognitive growth is in four stages of development And Skinner used a box for conditioning that is operant. Noam Chomsky countered Skinner's views and said there's an inborn universal grammar. Bandura saw when kids observed an adult beating Bobo doll, they would too, even with a hammer. At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is self-transcendence. While it's Milgram who shocked us by studying human obedience. Howard Gardner came up with the theory of eight multiple intelligences. Inkblots were used by Rorschach as a form of psychoanalysis. Carl Rogers was a humanist who founded client-centered therapy Using a study with lines, Solomon Asch explored our need for conformity At Stanford a prison study was done by Phillip Zimbardo That would uncover just how far people were willing to go Classical conditioning, first used on a dog, was done by Pavlov To pass the AP test, these are the names you'd better have heard of!

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